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Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of vision loss in older adults, affecting the macula, the part of the retina responsible for sharp central vision. Dry AMD involves gradual thinning of the macula, while wet AMD involves abnormal blood vessel growth. Symptoms include blurred or distorted vision. Early detection through regular eye exams can help manage progression with treatments like injections or lifestyle changes.

Retinal detachment (RD) occurs when the retina pulls away from its supporting tissue, disrupting vision. It’s often caused by tears or holes from aging, trauma, or high nearsightedness. Symptoms include sudden flashes, floaters, or a shadow over vision. This is a medical emergency requiring prompt surgical intervention, such as laser repair or vitrectomy, to prevent permanent vision loss.

A macular hole is a small break in the macula, the retina’s center responsible for sharp vision, often caused by aging or vitreous gel pulling on the retina. Symptoms include blurred or distorted central vision, making reading or seeing details difficult. Early-stage holes may be monitored, but most require vitrectomy surgery to close the hole and restore vision, with good outcomes if treated promptly.

Uveitis is inflammation of the eye’s middle layer, sometimes affecting the retina and causing blurred vision, floaters, or light sensitivity. It can stem from infections, autoimmune diseases, or trauma. Prompt treatment with steroids or immunosuppressive drugs can control inflammation and prevent retinal complications.

Diabetic retinopathy is a complication of diabetes that damages blood vessels in the retina, potentially leading to vision loss. It progresses from mild leakage (non-proliferative) to severe vessel growth (proliferative). Symptoms may include floaters, blurred vision, or dark spots. Controlling blood sugar and regular screenings are key, with treatments like laser therapy or injections to preserve vision.

Macular edema is swelling in the macula due to fluid buildup, often linked to diabetes, retinal vein occlusion, or inflammation. It causes blurry or wavy central vision, making reading or driving difficult. Diagnosis through imaging guides treatments like anti-VEGF injections, steroids, or laser therapy to reduce swelling and improve vision.

Floaters are small specks or strands in your vision caused by debris in the vitreous gel, often due to posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), a common aging process. While usually harmless, sudden floaters or flashes may signal a retinal tear. Regular monitoring is key, with laser or surgery for complications.

Retinal vein occlusion happens when a vein in the retina becomes blocked, causing swelling (edema) or hemorrhages that impair vision. Risk factors include high blood pressure, diabetes, or glaucoma. Symptoms include sudden blurry vision or vision loss in one eye. Treatments like injections or laser therapy can help manage complications and protect vision.

An epiretinal membrane, or macular pucker, is a thin layer of scar tissue that forms over the macula, causing distorted or blurry vision. It’s often related to aging or eye inflammation. Mild cases may not need treatment, but severe distortion may require vitrectomy surgery to remove the membrane and restore clearer vision.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) occurs when fluid builds up under the retina, often affecting younger adults under stress or using steroids. It causes blurred or distorted vision, often in one eye. Most cases resolve on their own, but persistent cases may need laser treatment or medication adjustments to prevent long-term damage.